Airway, Ventilation, and Respiration Study Center > Diagnostic Tests > Airway, Ventilation, and Respiration Step 1 of 40 2% A patient with a stoma is being transported to the hospital. During transport the patient needs to be suctioned. Which type of suction catheter would you use?* French type Yankauer Pharyngeal Tonsil-tip You have been dispatched to the home of a 68-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of shortness of breath. Upon arrival you find the patient sitting in a tripod position. Her oxygen saturation is 91% and she has a history of emphysema. Which of the following would be the most appropriate initial oxygen administration device?* Venturi mask Partial rebreather mask Nasal cannula Non-rebreather mask You are called to a 50-year-old patient with throat cancer who had his larynx removed and has a permanent stoma. There is no tracheostomy tube in place. How would you ventilate this patient?* Ventilate with a standard bag-valve mask device over the nose only. Have a caregiver insert the tracheostomy tube before ventilating. Use a bag-valve mask with a pediatric mask to make a seal around the stoma. Ventilate with a standard bag-valve mask device over the mouth and nose. Which of the following is an upper airway disease?* Asthma Epiglottitis Pertussis Cystic fibrosis You are called to a nursery school for a child with difficulty breathing. The patient is found to have respiratory failure and you are having trouble ventilating. You should* place a folded towel under the child’s head. place a folded towel under the child’s head and shoulders. place a folded towel under the child’s shoulders. place a folded towel under the child’s neck. While providing BVM ventilations to a 32-year-old male with chest trauma from a motorcycle versus tree collision, you notice it is becoming very difficult to provide positive pressure ventilations. This may represent* pericardial tamponade. esophageal obstruction. a pneumothorax. hypovolemia. During transport your patient suddenly becomes unresponsive. Her airway is open and she does not have a palpable pulse, however you note gasping respirations at a rate of 6 per minute. These respirations are called* ataxic respirations. Cheyne-Stokes respirations. apneic respirations. agonal respirations. After an adult cardiac arrest patient has been intubated by a paramedic, you are providing ventilations as your partner performs chest compressions. When ventilating the patient, you should* deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 10 breaths/min. hyperventilate the patient to maximize carbon dioxide elimination. deliver 2 breaths during a brief pause in chest compressions. deliver each breath over 2 seconds at a rate of 12 to 15 breaths/min. You are called to a 50-year-old male patient in cardiac arrest with bystander CPR. Your partner begins compressions and after attaching the AED and no shock advised, you begin positive pressure ventilations with a bag-valve mask. Which of the following would indicate adequate ventilation?* No gastric distention Pressure pop-off valve not activated Lack of air leak around the face mask Visible and equal chest rise and fall During inspiration,* the diaphragm is at rest creating negative pressure in the thorax. the diaphragm is at rest creating positive pressure in the thorax. the diaphragm contracts and creates positive pressure in the thorax. the diaphragm contracts and creates negative pressure in the thorax. You have been asked to check the fixed suction device in the back of your ambulance. What is the minimum vacuum required for a fixed suction device?* 400 mmHg 300 mmHg 200 mmHg 100 mmHg A patient has a pulse oximeter reading of 72%. You notice he has some cyanosis of his fingers and toes. He is breathing 20 breaths/min with good chest rise. Which of the following would be the most appropriate treatment?* Assess for external bleeding Provide supplemental oxygen Assess distal circulation Provide manual ventilations You are dispatched to a local motel where a patient was found unresponsive in her room. Her airway is clear and respirations are shallow. The pulse oximeter reads 90%. Your first action should be to* suction the airway. check the blood glucose level. begin positive pressure ventilations. assess the blood pressure. You are called to a patient with respiratory distress. Which of the following would contraindicate the use of continuous positive airway pressure?* A patient with COPD A patient with a fast respiratory rate A patient who is anxious A patient unable to follow commands You and a partner are performing CPR on a patient in cardiac arrest. You should deliver compressions and ventilations at which ratio?* 30:2 15:1 15:2 60:2 A 34 year old male experiences a cervical spine injury during a diving accident. He develops inadequate respiratory effort. Which nerve is likely responsible for this condition?* median phrenic auricular subclavian Your 3-year-old patient was found in the backyard pool and is unresponsive. A carotid pulse is present at 60 beats per minute. Breathing is shallow at six per minute. You should immediately* begin rescue breathing. apply a non-rebreather mask. begin chest compressions. place the patient in the recovery position. Your patient is sitting in a wheelchair outside of a nursing home smoking a cigarette. His chief complaint is difficulty breathing and he has a history of COPD. Before administering oxygen, you ask the patient to extinguish his cigarette. You request this because* oxygen supports combustion. oxygen hinders combustion. oxygen is flammable. oxygen can explode. In a patient exposed to inhaled smoke you should administer oxygen for complaints of dyspnea regardless of an SpO2 of 100% because* the pulse oximeter cannot distinguish between carbon monoxide and oxygen. oxygen prevents free radical development. oxygen flushes out carbon dioxide. hemoglobin has an affinity for oxygen stronger than many toxic compounds. Your check of the oxygen in your ambulance includes observing the hydrostatic test date. A cylinder must be tested every ____ years.* 5 10 7 2 The body primarily regulates the depth and rate of respiration by which measure within the cerebrospinal fluid?* viscosity oxygen clarity pH Regulators for one type of compressed gas cannot be used for other types of compressed gas. To prevent the inadvertent attachment of a regulator on the incorrect cylinder, the compressed gas industry established a system to prevent such an occurrence. The system used for portable cylinders is called the* American Standard System. Pin-indexing Safety System. Stem and Yoke Safety system. Thread Diameter Safety System. A 37 year old female is vomiting copious amounts of thick material. You estimate you have suctioned for about 20 seconds and there are still large pieces of foreign matter in the patient’s airway. You should* suction for no longer than 30 seconds, then ventilate. continue suctioning until the material is removed. call advanced life support for airway assistance. discontinue suctioning and ventilate for 2 minutes. You respond to a motor vehicle crash involving a motorcycle. The motorcycle rider was not wearing a helmet and is found about 30 feet from the motorcycle. He is unconscious and is breathing about 10 breaths per minute with snoring sounds. What airway technique would you use to open the airway?* Head-tilt neck-lift maneuver Head-tilt chin-lift maneuver Jaw thrust maneuver Place the patient in the recovery position A 75 year old male at an assisted living facility is complaining of difficulty breathing. He has a history of congestive heart failure, stroke and has been having difficulty lying down. The charge nurse advised that the patient had an unusual breathing pattern when she checked on him earlier in the shift. She describes his breathing pattern as irregular with increasing depth and rate followed by periods of not breathing. This type of breathing pattern is described as* apneic respirations. agonal respirations. ataxic respirations. Cheyne-Stokes respirations. You are ventilating a patient with a bag-valve mask device and an oral airway is in place. You observe chest rise with each manual ventilation, however the abdomen is getting distended. Which of the following actions will help to prevent this problem?* Providing ventilations with a smaller volume Removing and reinserting the oral airway Performing cricoid pressure Providing pressure to the mid abdominal region What chemical produced in the lungs prevents the collapse of the alveoli by reducing the surface tension?* Mucolipid Atrovent Surfactant Hemoglobin You are treating an unresponsive diabetic patient with adequate breathing. In which position would you place the patient for transport?* Supine Prone Trendelenburg Recovery A 21 year old male has been found unresponsive by his parents who state that he has a problem with drug abuse. During your assessment you place him on capnometry and get an EtCO2 reading of 65 mmHg. Which of the following could cause a capnometry reading of 65 mmHg?* Acidosis Hypoventilation Hypoxia Hyperventilation You decide to insert a nasopharyngeal airway into a semi-responsive patient with snoring respirations. The proper procedure to determine the correct size of nasopharyngeal airway is measuring from* the tip of the nose to the angle of the jaw. the tip of the nose to the earlobe. the tip of the nose to the chin. the corner of the mouth to the earlobe. A patient in respiratory failure can no longer do the work to remove carbon dioxide from the body. This is a failure of which of the following?* Respiration Oxygenation Ventilation Intubation You are on scene treating a 6-year-old asthmatic patient. He is alert, breathing 36 breaths/min, has retractions and is making a grunting sound when he exhales. You should* maintain an open airway. call for advanced life support. assess for perfusion. gather medical history. You have been dispatched to a patient that passed out. Upon arrival you find a 55-year-old female lying on the couch. She is semi-conscious, has noisy respirations and appears to be cyanotic around her mouth. After opening her airway with the head-tilt chin-lift maneuver, your next step would be to* insert a nasopharyngeal airway. insert an oropharyngeal airway. administer oxygen. start compressions. A 67 year old female patient is found in bed unresponsive. She is cyanotic, has a respiratory rate of 12 and is making a snoring sound when she breathes. You should* insert an OPA. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask. administer high flow oxygen with a non-rebreather mask. open her airway with a head-tilt chin-lift maneuver. Respiration is a process of gas exchange that occurs in the lung (external respiration) and at the cellular level (internal respiration). External respiration occurs in the* bronchioles. bronchi. trachea. alveoli. You are dispatched to the local high school where you find a 15-year-old male student unresponsive from a possible drug overdose. The patient is breathing with snoring respirations and has a pulse. While inserting an oropharyngeal airway (OPA) the patient starts to gag. You should* remove the OPA and insert a smaller one. leave the OPA in place and keep your suction device close by. remove the OPA and consider inserting a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA). avoid placing any type of airway device. The bag-valve mask is the most common device to ventilate patients in the pre-hospital setting. The average size bag-valve mask for a pediatric patient should have a maximum capacity of _______ ml.* 350 700 500 1000 A 3-year-old male presents with a sharp, high pitched, whistling sound auscultated on inspiration. This represents a/an* dynamic hyperinflation. upper airway obstruction. bronchospasm. reactive airway disease. You are treating an unresponsive adult patient without a gag reflex. Prior to inserting an oral airway, you measure from the* corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw. center of the mouth to the larynx. middle of the ear to the larynx. tip of the nose to the ear lobe. During your ongoing assessment of a patient in respiratory distress it becomes apparent that the patient is tiring and needs ventilatory assistance. You decide to use a bag-valve mask to provide positive pressure ventilations. Which of the following is an effect of positive pressure ventilation?* A decrease in vascular tone A decrease in intrathoracic pressure A decrease in gastric distention A decrease in cardiac output