Airway, Ventilation, and Respiration Study Center > Diagnostic Tests > Airway, Ventilation, and Respiration Step 1 of 40 2% A 21 year old male has been found unresponsive by his parents who state that he has a problem with drug abuse. During your assessment you place him on capnometry and get an EtCO2 reading of 65 mmHg. Which of the following could cause a capnometry reading of 65 mmHg?* Hypoxia Acidosis Hypoventilation Hyperventilation You are called to a 50-year-old patient with throat cancer who had his larynx removed and has a permanent stoma. There is no tracheostomy tube in place. How would you ventilate this patient?* Use a bag-valve mask with a pediatric mask to make a seal around the stoma. Ventilate with a standard bag-valve mask device over the nose only. Ventilate with a standard bag-valve mask device over the mouth and nose. Have a caregiver insert the tracheostomy tube before ventilating. A patient with a stoma is being transported to the hospital. During transport the patient needs to be suctioned. Which type of suction catheter would you use?* French type Tonsil-tip Yankauer Pharyngeal A 67 year old female patient is found in bed unresponsive. She is cyanotic, has a respiratory rate of 12 and is making a snoring sound when she breathes. You should* insert an OPA. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask. open her airway with a head-tilt chin-lift maneuver. administer high flow oxygen with a non-rebreather mask. During inspiration,* the diaphragm is at rest creating positive pressure in the thorax. the diaphragm contracts and creates positive pressure in the thorax. the diaphragm contracts and creates negative pressure in the thorax. the diaphragm is at rest creating negative pressure in the thorax. A 75 year old male at an assisted living facility is complaining of difficulty breathing. He has a history of congestive heart failure, stroke and has been having difficulty lying down. The charge nurse advised that the patient had an unusual breathing pattern when she checked on him earlier in the shift. She describes his breathing pattern as irregular with increasing depth and rate followed by periods of not breathing. This type of breathing pattern is described as* agonal respirations. Cheyne-Stokes respirations. apneic respirations. ataxic respirations. You respond to a motor vehicle crash involving a motorcycle. The motorcycle rider was not wearing a helmet and is found about 30 feet from the motorcycle. He is unconscious and is breathing about 10 breaths per minute with snoring sounds. What airway technique would you use to open the airway?* Head-tilt neck-lift maneuver Place the patient in the recovery position Head-tilt chin-lift maneuver Jaw thrust maneuver While providing BVM ventilations to a 32-year-old male with chest trauma from a motorcycle versus tree collision, you notice it is becoming very difficult to provide positive pressure ventilations. This may represent* a pneumothorax. esophageal obstruction. hypovolemia. pericardial tamponade. You are on scene treating a 6-year-old asthmatic patient. He is alert, breathing 36 breaths/min, has retractions and is making a grunting sound when he exhales. You should* call for advanced life support. gather medical history. maintain an open airway. assess for perfusion. A patient in respiratory failure can no longer do the work to remove carbon dioxide from the body. This is a failure of which of the following?* Intubation Ventilation Respiration Oxygenation After an adult cardiac arrest patient has been intubated by a paramedic, you are providing ventilations as your partner performs chest compressions. When ventilating the patient, you should* deliver 2 breaths during a brief pause in chest compressions. deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 10 breaths/min. deliver each breath over 2 seconds at a rate of 12 to 15 breaths/min. hyperventilate the patient to maximize carbon dioxide elimination. You have been dispatched to a patient that passed out. Upon arrival you find a 55-year-old female lying on the couch. She is semi-conscious, has noisy respirations and appears to be cyanotic around her mouth. After opening her airway with the head-tilt chin-lift maneuver, your next step would be to* insert an oropharyngeal airway. start compressions. administer oxygen. insert a nasopharyngeal airway. In a patient exposed to inhaled smoke you should administer oxygen for complaints of dyspnea regardless of an SpO2 of 100% because* oxygen prevents free radical development. the pulse oximeter cannot distinguish between carbon monoxide and oxygen. oxygen flushes out carbon dioxide. hemoglobin has an affinity for oxygen stronger than many toxic compounds. During your ongoing assessment of a patient in respiratory distress it becomes apparent that the patient is tiring and needs ventilatory assistance. You decide to use a bag-valve mask to provide positive pressure ventilations. Which of the following is an effect of positive pressure ventilation?* A decrease in cardiac output A decrease in gastric distention A decrease in vascular tone A decrease in intrathoracic pressure Respiration is a process of gas exchange that occurs in the lung (external respiration) and at the cellular level (internal respiration). External respiration occurs in the* trachea. alveoli. bronchioles. bronchi. You have been asked to check the fixed suction device in the back of your ambulance. What is the minimum vacuum required for a fixed suction device?* 300 mmHg 100 mmHg 400 mmHg 200 mmHg During transport your patient suddenly becomes unresponsive. Her airway is open and she does not have a palpable pulse, however you note gasping respirations at a rate of 6 per minute. These respirations are called* agonal respirations. ataxic respirations. Cheyne-Stokes respirations. apneic respirations. The body primarily regulates the depth and rate of respiration by which measure within the cerebrospinal fluid?* clarity pH viscosity oxygen You are dispatched to the local high school where you find a 15-year-old male student unresponsive from a possible drug overdose. The patient is breathing with snoring respirations and has a pulse. While inserting an oropharyngeal airway (OPA) the patient starts to gag. You should* leave the OPA in place and keep your suction device close by. remove the OPA and consider inserting a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA). remove the OPA and insert a smaller one. avoid placing any type of airway device. You are called to a nursery school for a child with difficulty breathing. The patient is found to have respiratory failure and you are having trouble ventilating. You should* place a folded towel under the child’s shoulders. place a folded towel under the child’s neck. place a folded towel under the child’s head. place a folded towel under the child’s head and shoulders. You are ventilating a patient with a bag-valve mask device and an oral airway is in place. You observe chest rise with each manual ventilation, however the abdomen is getting distended. Which of the following actions will help to prevent this problem?* Performing cricoid pressure Removing and reinserting the oral airway Providing pressure to the mid abdominal region Providing ventilations with a smaller volume You have been dispatched to the home of a 68-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of shortness of breath. Upon arrival you find the patient sitting in a tripod position. Her oxygen saturation is 91% and she has a history of emphysema. Which of the following would be the most appropriate initial oxygen administration device?* Non-rebreather mask Nasal cannula Partial rebreather mask Venturi mask You are treating an unresponsive diabetic patient with adequate breathing. In which position would you place the patient for transport?* Trendelenburg Supine Recovery Prone A 3-year-old male presents with a sharp, high pitched, whistling sound auscultated on inspiration. This represents a/an* reactive airway disease. dynamic hyperinflation. bronchospasm. upper airway obstruction. You are treating an unresponsive adult patient without a gag reflex. Prior to inserting an oral airway, you measure from the* corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw. middle of the ear to the larynx. center of the mouth to the larynx. tip of the nose to the ear lobe. Your patient is sitting in a wheelchair outside of a nursing home smoking a cigarette. His chief complaint is difficulty breathing and he has a history of COPD. Before administering oxygen, you ask the patient to extinguish his cigarette. You request this because* oxygen is flammable. oxygen can explode. oxygen supports combustion. oxygen hinders combustion. You are called to a patient with respiratory distress. Which of the following would contraindicate the use of continuous positive airway pressure?* A patient unable to follow commands A patient with a fast respiratory rate A patient with COPD A patient who is anxious You are called to a 50-year-old male patient in cardiac arrest with bystander CPR. Your partner begins compressions and after attaching the AED and no shock advised, you begin positive pressure ventilations with a bag-valve mask. Which of the following would indicate adequate ventilation?* No gastric distention Pressure pop-off valve not activated Lack of air leak around the face mask Visible and equal chest rise and fall You decide to insert a nasopharyngeal airway into a semi-responsive patient with snoring respirations. The proper procedure to determine the correct size of nasopharyngeal airway is measuring from* the corner of the mouth to the earlobe. the tip of the nose to the earlobe. the tip of the nose to the chin. the tip of the nose to the angle of the jaw. You and a partner are performing CPR on a patient in cardiac arrest. You should deliver compressions and ventilations at which ratio?* 15:2 15:1 60:2 30:2 Your 3-year-old patient was found in the backyard pool and is unresponsive. A carotid pulse is present at 60 beats per minute. Breathing is shallow at six per minute. You should immediately* begin chest compressions. place the patient in the recovery position. apply a non-rebreather mask. begin rescue breathing. You are dispatched to a local motel where a patient was found unresponsive in her room. Her airway is clear and respirations are shallow. The pulse oximeter reads 90%. Your first action should be to* assess the blood pressure. check the blood glucose level. begin positive pressure ventilations. suction the airway. Your check of the oxygen in your ambulance includes observing the hydrostatic test date. A cylinder must be tested every ____ years.* 5 2 7 10 A 34 year old male experiences a cervical spine injury during a diving accident. He develops inadequate respiratory effort. Which nerve is likely responsible for this condition?* phrenic auricular median subclavian Which of the following is an upper airway disease?* Pertussis Asthma Epiglottitis Cystic fibrosis A patient has a pulse oximeter reading of 72%. You notice he has some cyanosis of his fingers and toes. He is breathing 20 breaths/min with good chest rise. Which of the following would be the most appropriate treatment?* Assess distal circulation Provide supplemental oxygen Provide manual ventilations Assess for external bleeding What chemical produced in the lungs prevents the collapse of the alveoli by reducing the surface tension?* Surfactant Hemoglobin Mucolipid Atrovent A 37 year old female is vomiting copious amounts of thick material. You estimate you have suctioned for about 20 seconds and there are still large pieces of foreign matter in the patient’s airway. You should* call advanced life support for airway assistance. continue suctioning until the material is removed. suction for no longer than 30 seconds, then ventilate. discontinue suctioning and ventilate for 2 minutes. The bag-valve mask is the most common device to ventilate patients in the pre-hospital setting. The average size bag-valve mask for a pediatric patient should have a maximum capacity of _______ ml.* 700 500 350 1000 Regulators for one type of compressed gas cannot be used for other types of compressed gas. To prevent the inadvertent attachment of a regulator on the incorrect cylinder, the compressed gas industry established a system to prevent such an occurrence. The system used for portable cylinders is called the* Pin-indexing Safety System. Thread Diameter Safety System. American Standard System. Stem and Yoke Safety system.