EMT Exam 1 Study Center > Simulated NREMT Tests > EMT Exam 1 Step 1 of 49 2% You are treating a 52-year-old male with 3- to 5-word dyspnea with wheezes and crackles noted in both lobes bilaterally. He has a history of MI and congestive heart failure. Which treatment would benefit this patient the most?*High flow oxygen via non-rebreatherContinuous positive airway pressurePositive pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask2.5 mg albuterol nebulized over 10 minutes A 56 year old male complains of “crushing” sub-sternal chest pain, rating it at a 9 out of 10. He denies any difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath and has a room air oxygen saturation of 95%. You should:*Apply the AED pads to his chestGive 324mg of ASAAdminister oxygen at 15l/min via NRBAdminister oxygen at 2 l/min by nasal cannula A 7-year-old male has fallen from a tree and complains of abdominal pain. He is anxious, crying and seems slightly pale. His vital signs are P 128, R 28, BP 120/80. His capillary refill time is 3 seconds. These findings most likely indicate*a traumatic brain injury.anxiety after the fall.shock.nausea due to abdominal pain. Your 27-year-old female patient is 22 weeks gestation and complains of headaches and visual disturbances. What other exam finding do you expect to find?*Painless vaginal bleedingElevated blood pressureHigh blood glucose levelsLower abdominal tearing pain Speaking to a physician to gain permission to administer a medication to a patient is an example of*on-line medical control.a protocol.off-line medical control.standing orders. You have applied a tourniquet to a femoral artery bleed. After tightening it until it cannot be tightened further, the wound continues to bleed. You should next*elevate the extremity.remove the tourniquet.apply a second, proximal tourniquet.apply pressure to the arterial pressure point. A 41-year-old male presents with upper right quadrant abdominal pain. You note he has yellowish discoloration of his eyes and skin. He discloses to you that he has a history of IV drug use. These assessment findings most likely suggest*Ebola.SARS.HIV.Hepatitis C. A 61-year-old male called EMS after experiencing pain in his left arm that radiated into his jaw. He notes the pain came on while moving boxes in his basement and was accompanied by some slight shortness of breath. The patient tells you that the symptoms subsided once he stopped working. He is currently pain free and denies shortness of breath. You should suspect*a muscular problem.angina pectoris.acute aortic aneurism.a pulmonary embolism. A 21-year-old male is unconscious after being ejected from a high speed motor vehicle crash. Upon reassessment you note that his blood pressure is rising, his pulse is slowing and he has Cheyne-Stokes breathing. These findings most likely indicate*decompensated hypovolemic shock.a tension pneumothorax.a progressive spinal injury.rising intracranial pressure. You are ventilating a 6-year-old trauma victim when you note hypotension and tachycardia. What should*assess for jugular vein distention.auscultate breath sounds.decrease volume of ventilations.perform a rapid trauma assessment. You are transporting a 32-year-old car crash victim when he experiences sudden dyspnea. Vital signs reveal tachycardia and tachypnea with labored respirations. Which exam finding do you expect to see?*Unilateral decreased breath soundsWheezingNarrow pulse pressureMuffled heart tones A 16-year-old female has had an acute onset of difficulty breathing. Assessment finds audible wheezing and the patient’s brother states she takes a “puffer” daily to help prevent these breathing issues. You should suspect*asthma.anaphylaxis.a pulmonary embolism.COPD. A 19-year-old male has been ejected from a vehicle after a high speed motor vehicle crash. He is semi-conscious, is coughing blood and has a large laceration on his forehead. Before making contact with this patient you should*don gloves and eye protectiondon an N-95 mask.cover the patient’s mouth with a surgical mask.don gloves, mask and eye protection. A 56-year-old male complains of chest pain. He is diaphoretic and anxious. During transport he begins to have a tonic-clonic seizure. You should first*check for a pulse.administer high concentration oxygen.loosen tight clothing.open his airway. You are evaluating a 64-year-old lethargic male with rapid breathing. The patient’s wife states that he has been sick for the past few days with nausea and vomiting. Which finding should you expect?*Fruity smell on the breathIncontinence due to seizure activityLow glucose reading due to vomitingWheezes in all lung fields A 36-year-old male complains of headache and blurred vision. He suddenly becomes unconscious and extends his arms involuntarily. He is still breathing, but not responsive. You should suspect*a seizure.a migraine headache.a stroke.hypoglycemia. Your 7-year-old car crash victim becomes irritable and combative to immobilization efforts. You should*persuade the patient to lie quietly, staying still, without restraints.discontinue immobilization and transport in position of comfort.continue immobilization with special care to the patient’s head.use soft restraints to impede limb movement. You are first on the scene of a multiple casualty incident involving a hazardous material spill. There are critical and non-critical patients on scene. What should you do?*Begin triaging patientsRequest everyone to remain in place for triageWait for hazmat personnel to control the sceneDirect patients to walk away from the scene if able A 24-year-old male has sustained a large laceration on his forearm after punching out a window. The bleeding is bright red and spurting. There are no other obvious injuries. You should first*apply a pressure bandage.apply a tourniquet.apply direct pressure to the wound.apply a dressing and secure it with roller bandage. An 8-year-old male was stung by a bee and now has developed wheezing and hives all over his body. You recognize the urgent need for epinephrine, but the boy was found playing in the woods with only his underage friends. You should administer the epinephrine because*in loco parentis grants consent.parental consent is not necessary to treat an 8-year-old.you and your partner can assume protective custody of this patient.implied consent allows treatment in an emergency. A 53 year old male complains of chest pain and shortnes of breath. He tells you he took one nitroglycerin prior to your arrival with our relief. You should first*administer 325 mg aspirin.assess his blood pressure.assist with administration of nitroglycerin.Ask if he felt the usual effects of the nitroglycerin A 91-year-old female collapses while attending church. Bystanders advise that her unconsciousness lasted approximately 1 minute and that no seizure activity was observed. The patient is awake now and states she feels weak and slightly dizzy. Her vital signs are P 100, R 20 BP 98/52. You should*administer oral glucose.contact advanced life support for evaluation of ECG.administer nitroglycerin.place the patient in Trendelenburg position. After delivering a neonate, you note she is not breathing and has no muscle tone, but does have a pulse. You dry, warm and stimulate, but breathing does not begin. You should next*start chest compressions.attempt to stimulate the neonate again.begin positive pressure ventilations.initiate blow-by oxygen. You are preparing to transport a patient who fell from his deer blind. Access to the ambulance is nearly half a mile away. What is the best device to move the patient?*Long spine boardFlexible stretcherBasket stretcherStair chair You are assessing a 52-year-old male complaining of chest pain and dyspnea. You note crackles in both lobes bilaterally. Which best explains the breath sounds?*Blood collecting in the alveoliExcess mucous in the alveolar wallsIncreased plasma within the alveoliConstriction in the terminal bronchioles When ventilating a cardiac arrest patient with an advanced airway in place the EMT should deliver compressions and ventilations:*At a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 breathsAsynchronous, between 90 - 110 compressions and 10 breaths per minuteAt a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breathsAsynchronous, between 100 - 120 compressions and 10 breaths per minute Your 43-year-old car crash victim is in the driver seat with c-spine managed by a first responder. He becomes lethargic with labored respirations. You should*attempt ventilations with a bag-valve mask.provide high-flow oxygen.secure the patient with an extrication vest.immediately move the patient to your cot. You are treating a 3-year-old patient who appears sleepy and pale as you approach. You note head bobbing and audible wheezes. What should you do?*Palpate the patient’s brachial pulseProvide blow-by oxygenVentilate with a pediatric bag-valve maskAdminister albuterol at 0.15 mg/kg Your resuscitation team is performing CPR on a 75-year-old male. The two-minute compression cycle has ended and the AED is currently analyzing. At this point you should*deliver two rescue breaths.insert an airway adjunct.continue chest compressions until the shock advised warning.switch compressors. You witness a 26-year-old male have a tonic-clonic seizure. The seizure lasts roughly 3 minutes and then stops, leaving the patient unconscious, but responding to painful stimuli. As you reassess, you note snoring breathing. You should next*administer 15 LPM of oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.open the airway using a head tilt, chin lift maneuver.suction the airway.insert an oropharyngeal airway. A 66-year-old female complains of chest pain and nausea. She has vomited twice and is soaked in sweat. She is awake and her vital signs are P 44, R 30, BP 70/40. After completing a primary assessment, you should*initiate rapid transport and advanced life support intercept.initiate positive pressure ventilations.attach the automated external defibrillator and analyze the heart rhythm.assist the patient with 0.4mg of nitroglycerin. Which of the following types of medical research would minimize potential bias most effectively and provide the best information with regard to medical decisions?*A case studyA retrospective studyA randomized controlled trialA meta-analysis A 66-year-old female has fallen from a standing position and struck her head on the sink. There was no loss of consciousness and she is currently awake and alert. Which of the following findings would most significantly suggest the need for further evaluation at the hospital?*The patient takes blood-thinning medicationsThe patient takes medications for vertigoThe patient has had prior falls in the last yearThe patient has a headache A 2-year-old child has an upper respiratory infection that is causing the tissue of her larynx to swell. Which of the following findings would be most commonly associated with this condition?*WheezingStridorRales (crackles)Absent lung sounds on the right side A 67-year-old female was an unbelted passenger in a moderate speed motor vehicle crash. She is currently semi-conscious and you note a 3 cm laceration on the inside of her lower lip. Blood is filling her mouth and you note she is having trouble managing her airway. You should next*lay her supine to protect her spine.apply direct pressure to the laceration.suction her airway with a rigid tip suction catheter.open her airway with a jaw thrust maneuver. While assessing a 16-year-old assault victim, you discover a small knife protruding from his right lower abdominal quadrant. After securing the object, you should*palpate the unaffected abdominal quadrants.cut the impaled object.examine the impaled object’s angle of entry.use direct pressure to control hemorrhage around the object. A 49-year-old female has been involved in a moderate speed motor vehicle crash. She self-extricated from the car prior to EMS arrival and now complains of neck and back pain. You should*apply a vest-type immobilization device and lift her to the stretcher.not worry about spinal precautions since the patient self-extricated.apply a long board while the patient is standing and lower her to the stretcher.place a cervical collar and ask her to lie down on the stretcher. You are assessing a 5-month-old with vomiting for the past 2 days. During the secondary assessment, you note pronounced swelling near the anterior fontanelle. Which of the following exam findings should you expect?*Delayed capillary refillDeep, rapid respirationsPoor skin turgorOral temperature of 102 A 55-year-old male has had a seizure. Family states that he is diabetic and has had an episode of very low blood glucose. They note they were searching for his “sugar pills” when the seizure occurred. The patient is currently unconscious, breathing and your blood glucose reading confirms “LO.” You should next*request advanced life support intercept.administer oral glucose.initiate chest compressions.place the patient’s dextrose tablets in his mouth. An 81 year old female is found unresponsive after collapsing in a mall. She appears not to be breathing. You should first*check for a carotid pulse.open the airway with a head tilt, chin lift maneuver.begin chest compressions.administer 2 rescue breaths using a bag-valve mask device. In which emergency would a singular incident command be most appropriate?2-car collision with 11 patientsExplosion at a local fairHouse fire with 6 casualtiesHazardous material leak with 30 casualties You are at the scene of a mass casualty incident. Your first patient is a 7-year-old trauma victim with no apparent respirations. After positioning the airway, you should*provide 5 rescue breaths.recheck for respirations.palpate for a pulse.determine the patient’s level of consciousness. While on scene at an MCI event, you open the airway of a 4-year-old male trauma victim. He begins breathing at 30 breaths/ min. What should you do next?*Move to the next patientAssess for a pulseIdentify as first priorityContinue your patient assessment A 33-year-old male has been shot in the chest. Your primary assessment finds a patent airway and rapid, gasping respirations. A rapid examination of the chest identifies two large open holes in the chest wall. You should first*initiate positive pressure ventilations.insert a nasal pharyngeal airway.seal the holes with occlusive dressings.initiate positive pressure ventilations. While providing manual ventilations on an apneic adult male, you note resistance when you squeeze the bag-valve mask. What should you do?*Assess pulse oximetryAuscultate breath soundsReposition the airwayInsert a nasopharyngeal airway You have a 19-year-old male with audible wheezes and hives on the face and neck after exposure to an allergen. You should*confirm hypotension.assist with the patient’s EpiPen.consider albuterol for wheezes.assess for urticaria. You are transporting a neonate who becomes limp. His pulse is 64. You should*Provide blow-by oxygen with an infant non-rebreather.assist his ventilations at a rate of 40.Begin chest compressions.assess his pulse at the base of the umbilical cord. What should you do if your paramedic partner tells you that you are not delivering enough minute ventilation while you ventilate an intubated patient?*Reposition the airwayIncrease the rate of ventilationDecrease volume of air in each ventilationCheck pulse oximetry readings A 56-year-old female complains of shortness of breath. She states it began suddenly and was accompanied by palpitations in her chest. She is AOX3, slightly sweaty and you note she has some cyanosis around her lips. Her vital signs are P 200, R 38, BP 100/60. You should first*administer high concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.insert an oropharyngeal airway.attach an AED.initiate positive pressure ventilations.